无语法概念的误译

逐词死译，没有英语语法概念会导致误译，由于汉语是一种有形态变化的语言，有些汉译英误译的错误类型是对英语的词形不注意造成的：例如：

1.他有两个颇有说服力的理由。

[误译]He has two quite convinced reasons.

[正译]He has two quite convincing reasons.

[评析]弄混现在分词与过去分词用法，是常见错误。Convinced是过去分词，具有“被说服”、“信服”的意思。应改为现在分词convincing ，即“有说服力”的意思。

2.写作的技巧比起其他艺术的技巧来相当困难。

[误译]The technique of writing is rather difficult comparing with that of the other arts.

[正译]The technique of writing is rather difficult compared with that of the other arts.

[评析]用compare with翻译“和......对比”这样的汉语句型时，一般应译为过去分词结构来表示被动的意味。

3.录音机为学习外语提供了方便。

[误译]Learning foreign languages has been facilitated by recording machines.

[正译]Recording machines facilitate learning foreign languages.

[评析]facilitate这个词要求名词或动名词作宾语，而且几乎不用被动语态。

4.随着现代化发明的出现简化了家务事。

[误译]Housework is facilitated with the advent of modem inventions.

[正译]Modern inventions facilitate housework.

[评析]facilitate的意思是“使容易”、“使便利”，它不以人作主语，不用于被动语态，因为它本身已包含被动的意思。像这种本身包含被动意味的词组还很多，例如：

To abide by 遵守，to abound with(in) 充满，to accord with 符合，to add up to 总起来意味着，to brim over with 充满，come in for 受到

5.高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜是这次大会的灵魂，把邓小平理论确立为我们党的指导思想是这次大会的最主要成果。

[误译]Hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory has been the soul of conference and identifying

Deng Xiaoping Theory as a guiding ideology of the whole Party is the most important outcome of this congress.

[正译]Holding high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory has been the soul of conference and identifying

Deng Xiaoping Theory as a guiding ideology of the whole Party is the most important outcome of this congress.

[评析]汉语中一些动词，如原文中的“高举”，看似没有主语，有些译者很可能译成英语动词原型Hold high。这就成了祈使句，因为动词原型常被理解成“命令式”，即请大家高举，应当避免这种译法。汉语有相当多的无主句，而英语一般要求主谓宾要全，对汉译英转换时的句子结构的把握是确保不出现语法错误的关键。

深圳翻译公司-创译无限

行业资讯